Biography of Carl Sandburg

Life story of Carl Sandburg Carl Sandburg was an American artist who turned out to be generally known to the open for his verse as well as for his multi-volume account of Abraham Lincoln. As a scholarly big name, Sandburg was recognizable to millions. He showed up on the front of LIFE magazine in 1938, with the going with photograph article concentrated on his sideline as an authority and vocalist of American society melodies. After Ernest Hemingway was granted the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954, he commented that he would have been most cheerful had Carl Sandburg gotten the honor. Quick Facts: Carl Sandburg Known For: Poet, scholarly VIP, biographer of Abraham Lincoln, and gatherer and artist of American society songsBorn: January 6, 1878 in Galesburg, IllinoisDied: July 22, 1967 in Flat Rock, North CarolinaParents: Clara Mathilda Anderson and August SandbergSpouse: Lillian SteichenEducation: Lombard CollegeAwards: Three Pulitzer prizes, two for verse (1919 and 1951) and one for history (1940) Early Life and Poetry Carl Sandburg was conceived January 6, 1878, in Galesburg, Illinois. He was taught in neighborhood schools, which he quit in his initial youngsters to function as a worker. He turned into a voyaging specialist, moving all through the Midwest and building up an incredible gratefulness for the locale and its kin. Subsequent to joining the Army during the Spanish-American War, Sandburg came back to his instruction, taking a crack at a school at Galesburg. During that period he composed his first verse. He filled in as a writer and as the secretary for the communist city hall leader of Milwaukee from 1910 to 1912. He at that point moved to Chicago and accepting work as an article author for the Chicago Daily News. While working in news-casting and legislative issues he started composing verse truly, adding to magazines. He distributed his first book, Chicago Poems, in 1916. After two years he distributed another volume, Cornhuskers, which was trailed an additional two years by Smoke and Steel. A fourth volume, Slabs of the Sunburnt West, was distributed in 1922. Cornhuskers was granted a Pulitzer Prize for verse in 1919. He would later be granted the Pulitzer Prize for verse in 1951, for his Complete Poems. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9G1wEbD3kWkZBJE1DIXz2ehn45U=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-756479321-43ee1b41aca9443b98629a23778a321d.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/gTqC3Pk6rCGg_tiGHzDldyPkMWU=/415x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-756479321-43ee1b41aca9443b98629a23778a321d.jpg 415w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Yglqu11f1v734HtIRtEnEDQexs8=/530x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-756479321-43ee1b41aca9443b98629a23778a321d.jpg 530w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/kOkb4TKdSPoWru2U9oRkKeewocs=/761x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-756479321-43ee1b41aca9443b98629a23778a321d.jpg 761w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/JjsbNTUFygCyj24-CEOlFhgtXdo=/1024x761/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-756479321-43ee1b41aca9443b98629a23778a321d.jpg src=//:0 alt=Carl Sandburg in Life Magazine Cover February 21, 1938 class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-16 information following container=true /> The front of Life magazine includes a nearby of American writer Carl August Sandburg (1878 - 1967), February 21, 1938. The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images His initial sonnets have been called subliterary, as they will in general utilize regular language and slang of the ordinary citizens. With his initial books he got known for his free section that was established in the modern Midwest. His plain way of talking and composing charmed him to the understanding open and helped make him a big name. His sonnet Fog, was known to a huge number of Americans, and showed up regularly in textbooks. He had hitched Lillian Steichen, the sister of picture taker Edward Steichen, in 1908. The couple had three little girls. The Lincoln Biography In 1926, Sandburg distributed the principal volumes of what might turn into his enormous account of Abraham Lincoln. The undertaking, which was initially considered to be the account of Lincoln in Illinois, was impacted not just by Sandburgs own interest with the Midwest, however with a situation of timing. Sandburg had known Civil War veterans and other neighborhood individuals who held striking recollections of Lincoln. The school Sandburg went to had been the site of one of the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas discusses. As an understudy, Sandburg came to know individuals who went to the discussion five decades sooner. Sandburg occupied with incalculable long periods of examination, searching out Lincoln researchers and gatherers. He amassed the pile of material into shrewd writing that breathed life into Lincoln on the page. The Lincoln history in the end extended into six volumes. In the wake of composing the two volumes of The Prairie Years, Sandburg felt constrained to keep, composing four volumes of The War Years. In 1940 Sandburgs Abraham Lincoln: The War Years was granted the Pulitzer Prize for History. He in the long run distributed an abbreviated version of the Lincoln life story, and furthermore shorter books on Lincoln for youthful perusers. For some Americans of the mid-twentieth century, Carl Sandburg and Lincoln were to some degree indivisible. Sandburgs delineation of Lincoln was the manner by which endless Americans came to see the sixteenth president. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nUBbXgSC89F9FoNRCrWMpLN6lyU=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-jointsession-3000-3x2gty-0cc19782c16d4e48a52301f8f03294a7.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/5mVmPoK3v6UVlz3-xGEelG_Hg60=/989x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-jointsession-3000-3x2gty-0cc19782c16d4e48a52301f8f03294a7.jpg 989w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/9N8We9xNQ7YgPX4v3cRCA-mT7Ik=/1678x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-jointsession-3000-3x2gty-0cc19782c16d4e48a52301f8f03294a7.jpg 1678w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/t5XpsSswgTT8wclLsFKe9bt5IeM=/3057x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-jointsession-3000-3x2gty-0cc19782c16d4e48a52301f8f03294a7.jpg 3057w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/DerPI9qIocGUaJivaip39DhxndY=/3057x2048/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-jointsession-3000-3x2gty-0cc19782c16d4e48a52301f8f03294a7.jpg src=//:0 alt=photo of Carl Sandburg tending to a joint meeting of Congress class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-30 information following container=true /> Carl Sandburg praising Lincoln at a joint meeting of Congress. Getty Imagesâ Open Acclaim Sandburg put himself before general society, now and again going on visit playing his guitar and singing people tunes. During the 1930s and 1940s he would show up on the radio, understanding sonnets or expositions hed composed on American life. During World War II he composed a standard segment about existence on the American home front which was conveyed in various papers. He kept on composing and distribute verse for an incredible duration, yet it was forever his relationship with Lincoln that picked up him the best regard from the general population. On Lincolns 150th birthday celebration, February 12, 1959, Sandburg delighted in the extremely uncommon respect of tending to a joint meeting of Congress. From the platform in the office of the House of Representatives he talked articulately of Lincolns battles during the Civil War and what Lincolns heritage intended to America. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/JIC5cui6a6frhd550Z7bULIxSBo=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-JFK-3000-3x2gty-dad83ae598ca4b95986d1b06750d20a9.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/ialRlMDQF-b0ziCbPdWqOkcnfTE=/975x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-JFK-3000-3x2gty-dad83ae598ca4b95986d1b06750d20a9.jpg 975w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/hs5XPxiy-zYkiHv_qE1zp-XEh6M=/1650x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-JFK-3000-3x2gty-dad83ae598ca4b95986d1b06750d20a9.jpg 1650w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/JzHQh94BVJmZBLOTReraXbphl_Q=/3000x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-JFK-3000-3x2gty-dad83ae598ca4b95986d1b06750d20a9.jpg 3000w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/gaVfY3Ep3KUKWQROC9bktzdzLr0=/3000x2012/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Sandburg-JFK-3000-3x2gty-dad83ae598ca4b95986d1b06750d20a9.jpg src=//:0 alt=photo of Carl Sandburg and President Kennedy in the Oval Office class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-36 information following container=true /> Carl Sandburg visiting President Kennedy in the Oval Office. Getty Images In October 1961, Sandburg visited Washington, D.C., from his homestead in North Carolina, to help open a display of Civil War ancient rarities. He halted by the White House to visit President John F. Kennedy, and the two men discussed history and, obviously, Lincoln. Carl Sandburg kicked the bucket on July 22, 1967, at Flat Rock, North Carolina. His passing was headline news across America, and he was grieved by millions who felt as though they had known the straightforward writer from the Midwest. Sources: Sandburg, Carl. Storm Contextual Encyclopedia of American Literature, vol. 4, Gale, 2009, pp. 1430-1433. Hurricane Virtual Reference Library.Allen, Gay Wilson. Sandburg, Carl 1878-1967. American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies, altered by Leonard Unger, vol. 3: Archibald MacLeish to George Santayana, Charles Scribners Sons, 1974, pp. 575-598. Storm Virtual Reference Library.Carl Sandburg. Reference book of World Biography, second ed., vol. 13, Gale,

The Atomic Bomb 20 pages Essay Example For Students

The Atomic Bomb 20 pages Essay On July 16, 1945, the United States of America guided the world into another period with the effective explosion of a nuclear bomb in New Mexico. That time was the atomic age. Not exactly a month later, on August 6, 1945, a nuclear bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan; the main utilization of an atomic weapon against an adversary country. The greater part of us know about these essential occasions, however many don't know about the convoluted choices and logical forward leaps that made ready towards that decisive day in Hiroshima. Consistently we are nearer to having atomic arms fall in the hands of somebody who wishes to do hurt with those weapons. We will compose a custom exposition on The Atomic Bomb 20 pages explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Many inquiry why we think the U.S. is legitimized in having our own nuclear assortment. This is the reason it is essential to see how the nuclear bomb came to fruition and why we concluded it was important to utilize it. First reports of the bombs in Japan just detailed that another kind of bomb had been utilized. Most had no understanding of what a nuclear bomb was or why it was so amazing. The narrative of the nuclear bomb opens with a progression of new disclosures in material science that started close to the turn of the century. The term old style is applied to the material science that researchers created before that time (Cohen, 17). A lot of it originated from crafted by the Father of Physics, the extraordinary seventeenth-century English researcher, Sir Isaac Newton. Newton was a logical virtuoso. Today, nonetheless, a skillful understudy with a decent secondary school material science course likely has a more precise information on the physical universe than Newton had. This is particularly obvious concerning the most fundamental structure squares of issue, particles. Newton, as did others before him, built up a hypothesis about the structure of molecules. As per Newtons hypothesis, molecules resembled marbles. They were strong and hard, however not at all like marbles, they couldn't be additionally separated. It was not until the last 50% of the nineteenth century that logical test started to demonstrate something else. From that point, information on nuclear structure pushed forward immediately (Cohen, 18). By the mid-1930s, devoted exertion by British and other European researchers had uncovered another universe of nuclear structure, one loaded up with unimaginably little frameworks of cooperating subatomic particles containing electrons, protons, and neutrons. In 1938, two German physicists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, were exploring different avenues regarding uranium. They found that barraging uranium particles with neutrons didnt make another component as they had recently expected. Rather, uranium particles split into two other elementsbarium and krypton. This procedure was called atomic parting (Batchhelder, 11). These two new particles weighed less together than a solitary uranium iota. In this way, as indicated by Einsteins hypothesis of relativity on mass and vitality (E=mc2), the distinction in missing mass must be made up in vitality (Roleff, 14). Two different researchers had been helping Hahn and Strassman at that point. Their names were Otto Frisch and Lise Meitner. Together they established that the determined vitality that was discharged from one single uranium particle would be 200 million electron volts. This vitality was around 20 million times the vitality of an equivalent bit of TNT. A pound of this issue changed over to crude vitality would deliver the greater part the measure of power produced in the US (Roleff, 15). Inside months researchers from everywhere throughout the world had rehashed and refined the test. At the hour of Hahn and Strassmans revelation, not many physicists were all the while working in Germany. During the 1920s and 1930s, Germany was the focal point of the logical world (Roleff, 20). At the point when Hitler started his ascent to control in the mid 1930s, he additionally started his oppression of the Jews. Because of his approaches, numerous researchers left Europe for the wellbeing of the United States. A large number of these researchers became political displaced people who contributed incredibly to the accomplishment of things to come Manhattan Project (Cohen, 22). This scholarly resettlement occurred simultaneously as physicists on the two sides of the Atlantic were finding the privileged insights of the iota (Batchhelder, 18). .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 , .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .postImageUrl , .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 , .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:hover , .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:visited , .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:active { border:0!important; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:active , .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:hover { haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!im portant; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua7a576ab1d8674dc5338fb4ce6005190:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: American Dream: Myth Of Individual Opportunity Essay The most renowned of these researchers was Albert Einstein, who settled in Princeton University (Batchhelder, .

Hardk0re The Twinned Rise of East Campus and the Hacking Ethos (Guest Entry by Danny Ben-David 15)

Hardk0re The Twinned Rise of East Campus and the Hacking Ethos (Guest Entry by Danny Ben-David ’15) Danny Ben-David  â€™15 is a physics major, East Campus historian, and creator of the amazingly useful CourseRoad  (along with TeXcha,  a LaTeX-based CAPTCHA, and  the super PAC Why Not ZoidPAC?, of which he is  President and Grand Poobah and which preceded Stephen Colbert’s super PAC army). I met him on 4th West last semester while tooling on a 6.046 p-set. This is his final paper for STS.050 (The History of MIT), about the founding of MIT’s second dorm, East Campus, and the inauguration of the hacking culture that closely and inevitably followed. Back then EC consisted of only the Bemis section of the  east parallel (the west parallel  and  the other two thirds of the east parallel  were built later) and was called the ’93 Dormitory, the East Campus-Senior Haus water war involved kerosene, and things were in general much more hardk0re. East Campus in its original manifestation in 1924. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology goes to great lengths to advertise itself as a place not only of rigorous academics, but of multifaceted culture as well. In a given campus tour, time is split equally between covering the assorted classroom and research opportunities offered, and explaining the hundreds of clubs and student activities, along with dining and housing options. However, this was not always the case. In MIT’s early decades, the fledgling Institute lacked both space and capital to expand its underdeveloped social life. Several visionary administrators saw that the introduction of dormitories would allow for the undergraduate population to share their ideas and passions more quickly and effectively than before. The move to Cambridge allowed for the construction of the first dorms in 1916, followed by further dorm expansions in the 1920s and 30s. It was clear that the student body’s activities needed an engineering angle to them, and so the dorms were built with the residents’ passions in mind. What those leaders could not have possibly foreseen was the rest of the student life equation: how, thanks to MIT’s flagship educational approach, the standard practical joking which permeated most college dorms would take on an entirely new level of technicalityâ€"the rise of the first hackers. As eloquently described by the Story Jack in MIT’s homegrown musical Hack, Punt, Tool, “hackers are anonymous technological pranksters, engineers inspired to intervene with the everyday monotony.” Their culture, mystified over generations of institutional memory, has become an inseparable part of the MIT identityâ€"and the roots of these traditions can be traced back to the early student life of MIT’s dormitories. In particular, the modern dormitory of East Campus began its life under a different name, the ’93 Dormitory, opening for business in 1924; its introduction to and influence on campus life allowed a critical mass of students to take on their projects and jumpstart the proud tradition of MIT hacking culture. The Institute’s need for dormitories was evident well before the Cambridge campus’ construction. At the turn of the century, a still-young-but-growing MIT looked at its student life and found it lacking. Here, the greatest young minds were being brought under the single ideological roof of MIT, and yet their interactions were restricted to the academic and professional. The students were trained and skilledâ€"certainly living up to the Mens et Manus mottoâ€"but the element of camaraderie was noticeably absent from the campus atmosphere. In the 1901 President’s Report, President Pritchett discusses work on completing the new gymnasium on Boylston Street, the Walker Memorial Building. Pritchett writes: [Walker] as it is planned contemplates not simply a gymnasium, not simply a building for physical culture, […] but it is to afford as well a place which shall be the social center of student life. No need is more urgently felt amongst the students of the Institute than that of closer contact with each other and with men from outside. The very fact that students do not live in dormitories, but in isolated houses, gives less opportunity to cultivate the social side. Pritchett saw clearly that by having communal spaces and co-located housing, students would end up interacting, an activity which would no longer seem as foreign as it did at the time. The gym was completed shortly thereafter, but the question of dormitories remained. The problems were twofold: money was tight and Boston was crowded. MIT lacked the space and cash flow to move its students into a single living space adjacent to the Boston campus; trying to solve this problem, the Institute even considered constructing dormitories on a site in Brookline, “for the purpose of bringing men together on a democratic plan.” Finally, as plans solidified to relocate across the river, it became clear that centralized student living spaces would finally have room to exist, and wholesome residence-based culture would begin to root itself after the move to Cambridge. President Maclaurin, like Pritchett before him, was excited about the upcoming dormitories, referring to their absence on the soon-to-be-former campus as “one of the most serious defects of the Institute.” The Faculty Houses (now referred to as Senior House, collectively) opened with the new campus, featuring accommodations for 170 students across four houses, with the outer two houses offered to fraternities for residency. For a while, this worked well to alleviate the housing pressures; however, a new campus meant more space to spread out, and the Faculty Houses lacked the capacity to match the expansion in undergraduate enrollment. The renewed cries for additional living spaces began soon after. Despite an intense desire to get dorm construction underway, the financial burden remained: word was passed down from the MIT Treasurer stating that the Institute simply could not cover the cost of the dorm on its own. In the 1920 President’s Report, Dean Alfred Burton fiercely advocates for the cause, including an argument based on the still-fresh memories of fighting a global influenza epidemic the prior year: “A great many of our students are this year living under conditions which are not conducive to either health or study.” Faculty and alumni alike met and determined that they did want these dormitories, but funding sources were simply not there. From where could this capital arise? The source arrived on MIT’s campus, at the 30th reunion party for the Class of 1893. The Class of ’93 had a nickname: “The Millionaire Class,” due to the existence of at least half-a-dozen millionaires among their ranks. After some discussion, the class approached President Stratton of fering $100,000 ($1.4 million, adjusting for inflation) if groundbreaking began on the new dormitories by September of that year. The reunion coincided with the graduation of the class of 1923, and so by the time students returned for classes in late September, work on the Class of 1893 Dormitory was well underway. Bosworth’s sketch of a typical ’93 dorm room. At most institutions, campus construction would be mentioned in the school publications, but most likely while describing the future purpose of the facilities, and not much beyond that. At MIT, the campus newspaper The Tech and the alumni magazine The Technology Review each went to great lengths to describe the upcoming dormitories in excruciating detail. Seeing how “most Tech students desire single rooms, the new dormitory has a great preponderance of single rooms,” writes Technology Reviewâ€"a heartening display of the Institute taking student opinion and preference into account for its decision-making. The radiator is described not only as a temperature-control device, but as a multi-faceted tool at the disposal of the resident: “it heats the room, dries the towels, and humidifies the air. (The character of the humidification, depending as it does so much upon the personal equation of the occupant of the room, is not guaranteed in advance by the engineers.)” Further realiz ing the technology-laden nature of the student body, the decision is made to outfit each room with an outlet to a telephone line, a highly unusual move. Finally, there is much discussion on the reliability of the novel approach taken for the construction of the exterior walls: a steel and wooden frame was erected with concrete poured around it, and the article goes to many lengths to assure its readers that rot and conflagration are not a concern added by leaving the wood in the walls. Few institutions would even bother to share these minutiae with a larger audience not explicitly focused on architectural procedures; at MIT, the discussion is given prime real estate in the media. The dorm was constructed in record time, and opened to students in the summer of 1924. It held eighty men, and had a less permanent building material in its north and south walls, to allow for expansion of the dorm. Today, this dorm is the Bemis house of building 64 in East Campus; at the time, it stood alone as a marvel of engineering. Increased housing space helped bring more students onto campus and the funding’s origination from a class gift began a flurry of donations from other alumni classes to expand the dorm project on the campus. MIT’s “serious defect” was finally being patched. Imagine, for a moment, life in the dorm’s early years. Campus was arranged to neatly divide activities on a north-south line, with work to the west and play to the east. After classes, you could head back to your room to change, then head downstairs and outside to the track fields and tennis courts below. Hunger could be abated in Walker, just south of your dorm. Walker was where you ate all of your meals and attended the weekly Tech smokers, which were social gatherings of your peers (from both inside and outside the dormitories) accompanied with short skits and sketches. Clubs began to pop up, given the increased time more students were spending on campus. And yet, some dormitory souls found alternative outlets for their pent-up creativity. Dorm pranks and mischief have been traditional across American universities at least dating back into the late eighteenth century. One hundred and twenty years late to the art form, MIT set to work on making up for lost time. Even before the ’93 dorm’s construction, campus was seen as a bit of a playground: one particular Tech article documents the incredible climbing exploits of an unnamed senior, who scaled the side of Runkle (part of Senior House) while wearing his suit and who traversed the Great Dome while pursued by a band of janitors, armed with their mops and brooms. The addition of the ’93 dorm, however, tipped the scales from the occasional story to an actual movement. Perusing the archives of The Tech shows little is heard from the ’93 dorm immediately following its opening: summer turned to autumn, and autumn to winter, all without anything newsworthy from the fledgling dorm. And then, on a cold night in December of 1924, just a few months after the first students moved in, one resident helped define East Campus culture from there onwards. Occupants of the new dormitory had their studies rudely interrupted one night last week when a gas attack of nearly the size and strength of those used in the war was turned on the men in the three upper floors. Some practical joker, possibly affected by the strain of examinations, flooded one of the rooms on the third floor with the pungent fumes of hydrogen sulphide. A new dormitory is an infrequent occurrenceâ€"the most recent instance was the reopening of Maseeh Hall (formerly Ashdown House) in the fall of 2011. When such an opening does take place, the residents are presented with a marvelous opportunity to choose and set the tone and feel of the living space, and the occupants of the ’93 dormitory chose to instill a sense of mischievousness early on. A key component of hacking tradition (continuing to this day) is the existence of an entity which can take credit for technological feats around campus, without revealing the true identities of anyone involved. Today’s legends of Jack Florey and James E. Tetazoo trace their own origins back to the 1960sâ€"but in the 1920s, credit was given to the Dorm Goblin, who acted as a useful scapegoat-meets-figurehead for the vaguely illicit pranks. The Tech first mentioned the Dorm Goblin in February of 1925, describing the curious incident of a ’93 dorm resident who returned to his room and found that the front door had disappeared. The masking of the perpetrators’ identities behind the growing reputation of the Dorm Goblin made the campus safer for the proto-hackers, and modern hacking culture maintains this discretionary attitude to this day. Goblins move the Ford car into the ’93 basement. The first few years of the ’93 dormitory and East Campus as a whole set an impressive number of precedents for future culture which has survived or been revived over the decades. June of 1925 saw the nighttime installation of an illuminated sign reading “SUFFOLK COUNTRY JAIL” on the roof of the ’93 dormâ€"quite possibly the first recorded hack by modern definitions. This came swiftly after a large and somewhat disastrous water war among the floors of the dorm, “with the result that many of the rooms were flooded with several inches of water.” The reaction was mixed, even within the pages of The Tech: the op-ed wrote of how men “that have no control of their tendencies for child-play have no place in common living quarters,” while just below The Lounger, an anonymous column, praised the ingenuity of their jail sign prank and began to dream of what could be next: “There seems to be no limit to their aspirations. The Lounger would not be surprised to find the gilt from the State House Dome transferred some night to the big dome of Building 10.” This appears to be the first mention of any kind of dome modification, but it seems highly unlikely that the concept of dome hacks was first imagined by the Tech editorial staff; instead, it suggests that the idea was out there, to be revisited at a later date. All these prior events, however, merely act as suggestion of hacking culture, perhaps pulling in a few of the elements which might be reflected today. It was in the early months of 1926 that the ’93 dormitories set their work apart as the true origins of hacking. On the morning of January 12th, Mac, the dorm’s superintendent, called in a bizarre sight: a Ford touring car had managed to relocate itself from its usual home on Ames Street into the basement of ’93. The Dorm Goblin was quick to take credit for this impressive feat of engineering: officials and students alike were left wondering how the vehicle had managed to find its way to its subterranean hideaway “without a scratch on it, while in getting it out, Major Smith’s [twelve] henchmen […] otherwise slightly damaged the car.” The Goblin was not to be a one-hit wonder, either: on March 3, a chassis of a similar Ford car found itself hauled up the side of the dorm, peering over the edge of the roof in its photograp hs. These were no mere dorm pranks, anymore. In the words of editors at The Tech: That phantom miracle worker’s skill has increased immensely as he gains experience and the wisdom that comes of advancing years and association with some of America’s best engineering minds. He, who began by removing doors, paddling obnoxious freshmen, laying barrages of tear gas, and erecting signs upon the dormitory roof, has grown up and now takes interest in more serious feats of engineering. The Dorm Goblin would go on to other great worksâ€"including hijacking the dorm’s novel telephone setup to broadcast radio throughout the dormitory, which ensured that those phones’ installation was a good idea in the first placeâ€"and eventually the Goblin would fade away, but the impressive recreational work it brought forth would remain in the institutional memory for decades to come. What had started as an Institute craving a culture had developed into a plan to concentrate the best upcoming minds in science and engineering within the walls of a dormitory. This great experiment led to the usual boom in student life, but its side effects were anything but predictable. That final imagery of the car on the roof foreshadows so much of the culture which was to spring from these creative types of the new dormitories. Sixty-eight years later, in May of 1994, the campus’s attention was once again drawn to the presence of a car on a  roof, this time in the form of a police car parked on the top of the Great Dome. These two events are crucially linked, as the Class of 1893 Dormitory served proudly as the primordial grounds for MIT’s famous modern hacking culture. At left, a Ford chassis on the roof of the ’93 dorm in March 1926. At right, the outer body of a Chevy Cavalier painted like a campus police cruiser, on top of the Great Dome sixty-eight years later in May 1994. Sources If you’re curious about what MIT looked like a century ago or if you want to read more about the inductions of our cherished traditions, you should poke around the sources Danny used for his paper, many of which are linked above. Most are online; if you’re on campus the rest can be found in the MIT Libraries. Articles from The Tech: “Faculty and Alumni Strong for New Dorms” (March 28, 1923): part 1 and part 2 “Millionaire Class Donates Dormitory” (September 28, 1923): part 1 and part 2 “Dormitory Senior Scales Runkle’s Six Story Wall in Human Fly Style” (March 26, 1923) “Gas Attack Loosed on Men in New Dormitories” (December 23, 1924) “Lost Door Mystery is Laid to Dorm Goblin” (February 2, 1925) “Dorms Transformed Into Suffolk County Jail” (June 3, 1925) “Must Stop Riot in the ’93 Dorms” (June 3, 1925) “The Indecorous Dormitories” (June 3, 1925) “The Lounger” (June 3, 1925) “The Dorm Goblin Returns to Hide Car in Basement” (January 13, 1926) “The Lounger” (January 15, 1926) “Goblin Performs Engineering Feat On Second Visit” (March 5, 1926) “I Am Thy Father’s Spirit Doomed to Walk the Corridors of ’93” (January 18, 1926) “Students Engage in Battle over Blazing Wrecks” (May 21, 1928) Included images: The photograph of the  â€™93 dorm is from the  March 31, 1924, issue of The Tech. The ’93 dorm room sketch is from “The Plans and Progress of the New Dormitories” by H. W. Brown in November 1923’s issue of The Technology Review, pages 13-16. The photographic evidence of goblins moving a Ford car into the ’93 basement is from page 334 of the 1926 Technique. The photograph of the Ford chasis parked precipitously on the edge of the ’93 roof are on page 334 of the 1927 Technique. There are more  on page 44 of T.F. Petersons 2011 Nightwork: A History of Hacks and Pranks at MIT. The photograph of the campus police car on the Great Dome is from the IHTFP Hack Gallery, which has many more photos and documentation of this and other hacks. Other sources: “That Was College Life!” by Morris Bishop, in the September 16, 1933, issue of The New Yorker. The Annual Report of the President and Treasurer by Henry Pritchett in 1901 and 1905, by Richard Maclaurin in 1914, and by Alfred Burton in 1920. Maclaurin’s January 21, 1916 letter to Delegates of Fraternity Chapters at Technology, which can be found in the MIT Libraries’ Institute Archives and Special Collections. A map of the 1924 campus layout can be found in “Grounds and Buildings of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 1924,” also in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Finally, the screenplay of the MIT Musical Theatre Guild’s Hack, Punt, Tool, which you can watch below.